How did the U.S. political system get the best way it did? jsmith/iStock/Getty Photographs Plus

Editors’ word: In a world remodeled by a pandemic, few of the basics in People’ lives – colleges, jobs, even how to buy groceries – have remained the identical. The identical is true with the election, the place probably the most fundamental of the establishment’s parts – how, the place and when to vote, amongst them – have modified.

When The Dialog US’s politics editors met to determine learn how to present readers with protection that might be helpful and informative, the method was clear: a civics lesson. Over the course of roughly 100 articles, our students have defined how the U.S. election system works, retold the historical past of the way it acquired that approach and examined what results and significance these mechanisms have for the nation at this time.

Right here, our workforce has collected all of those articles, divided thematically, from the very starting of campaigning by means of what occurs after Election Day itself.

Eugene DePasquale, left, Democratic candidate in Pennsylvania’s 10th Congressional District, in Harrisburg, Penn., Sept. 19, reveals that even the standard handshake with voters has modified in pandemic-era campaigns.

Tom Williams/CQ-Roll Name, Inc by way of Getty Photographs

Campaigning

Primary parts of political campaigning

The 2-party system is right here to remain

Civility in politics is tougher than you assume

George Washington was silent, however Trump tweets recurrently – working for president has modified through the years

The garments make the candidate: The sartorial politics of this 12 months’s key Senate races

Why do folks imagine con artists?

Offended People: How political rage helps campaigns however hurts democracy

Campaigning in a pandemic

Presidential campaigns take flight within the age of the coronavirus

Amid pandemic, campaigning turns to the web

From recording movies in a closet to Zoom meditating, 2020’s political campaigns regulate to the pandemic

Marketing campaign ways

Campaigns ship a lot of texts.

Jake Olimb/DigitalVision Vectors by way of Getty Photographs

Why you’re getting so many political textual content messages proper now

What’s the easiest way to get out the vote in a pandemic?

Trump’s law-and-order marketing campaign depends on a historic American custom of racist and anti-immigrant politics

Trump and Biden adverts on Fb and Instagram give attention to rallying the bottom

Political conventions

Democratic, Republican events each play favorites when allotting conference delegates to states

Political conventions at this time are for partying and pageantry, not selecting nominees

Pandemic alters political conventions – which have all the time modified with the occasions

What are political events’ platforms – and do they matter?

Cash in politics

Cory Booker can use cash left over from his presidential marketing campaign to run for reelection to the Senate.

AP Picture/Patrick Semansky

Election 2020 sees document $11 billion in marketing campaign spending, principally from a handful of super-rich donors

Cash talks: Massive enterprise, political technique and company involvement in US state politics

When presidential campaigns finish, what occurs to the leftover cash?

Candidates’ debates

Assume presidential debates are uninteresting? Thank 1950s TV sport reveals

make presidential debates serve voters, not candidates

Classes on wrangling candidates from the masterful moderator of presidential debates, Jim Lehrer

Don’t underestimate the ability of the putdown in a presidential debate

Dominance or democracy? Authoritarian white masculinity as Trump and Pence’s political debate technique

VP debates are sometimes forgettable – however Dan Quayle by no means recovered from his 1988 debate mistake

Media and public notion

President Elizabeth Keane of ‘Homeland’ is a craven politician who has a ruinous tenure in workplace.

Showtime

Political bias in media doesn’t threaten democracy – different, much less seen biases do

Watch extra TV to grasp the backlash towards the ladies within the working for vp

The candidate you want is the one you assume is most electable

Why is it so onerous for atheists to get voted in to Congress?

Polling

When famous journalists bashed political polls as nothing greater than ‘a fragmentary snapshot’ of a second in time

Epic miscalls and landslides unexpected: The distinctive catalog of polling failure

Political forecast fashions aren’t essentially extra correct than polls – or the climate

Vice presidential and Cupboard picks

Rep. Bella Abzug speaks to a crowd of some 10,000 at ‘The Battle is Over’ celebration in Central Park on Could 11, 1975, the place she known as for unconditional amnesty for Vietnam Battle draft dodgers in Sweden and Canada.

Bettman/Contributer/Getty

For Biden, naming Cupboard earlier than election can be an enormous danger

Don’t anticipate Biden’s choose of Kamala Harris for VP to make or break the 2020 election

VP choose Kamala Harris stands on many ladies’s shoulders, particularly Bella Abzug’s

Earlier than Kamala Harris grew to become Biden’s working mate, Shirley Chisholm and different Black ladies aimed for the White Home

Worldwide views

Russian media could also be becoming a member of China and Iran in turning on Trump

What may change the Electoral Faculty?

What US election officers may study from Australia about boosting voter turnout

A voter casts a poll at a cell voting station in California in Could 2020.

AP Picture/Marcio Jose Sanchez

The method of voting

Historical past of voting

The best to vote isn’t within the Structure

There’s nothing uncommon about early voting – it’s been accomplished for the reason that founding of the republic

1864 elections went on in the course of the Civil Battle – despite the fact that Lincoln thought it might be a catastrophe for himself and the Republican Get together

A summer time of protest, unemployment and presidential politics – welcome to 1932

Voter suppression

Milwaukee voters wait in a social-distancing line, some sporting masks, earlier than voting within the state’s spring elections on April 7.

AP Picture/Morry Gash

Closing polling locations is the 21st century’s model of a ballot tax

Why the Supreme Court docket made Wisconsin vote in the course of the coronavirus disaster

Trump’s encouragement of GOP ballot watchers echoes an previous tactic of voter intimidation

Georgia’s election catastrophe reveals how dangerous voting in 2020 could be

It takes a very long time to vote

How sexist abuse of ladies in Congress quantities to political violence – and undermines American democracy

Many citizens face obstacles

Citizenship delays imperil voting for tons of of 1000’s of immigrants within the 2020 election

As few as 1 in 10 homeless folks vote in elections – right here’s why

Particular voting teams and blocs

Asian American voters depart a Temple Metropolis, California, polling place in 2012, within the state’s first legislative district that’s majority Asian American.

Frederic J. Brown/AFP by way of Getty Photographs

With Kamala Harris, People but once more have hassle understanding what multiracial means

Kamala Harris represents a chance for coalition constructing between Blacks and Asian People

Asian People’ political preferences have flipped from crimson to blue

Need the youth vote? Some school college students are nonetheless up for grabs in November

attain younger voters once they’re caught at dwelling

Will German People once more put Donald Trump excessive within the presidential election?

Indian People could be an influential voting bloc – regardless of their small numbers

With Harris choose, Biden reaches out to younger Black People

vote

Voting is essential. Ensure you know learn how to do it!

Gregory Rec/Portland Press Herald by way of Getty Photographs

Why there isn’t any moral motive to not vote (until you come down with COVID-19 on Election Day)

Iowa caucuses did one factor proper: Require paper ballots

How to ensure your vote counts in November

Voting in individual

Voting whereas God is watching – does having church buildings as polling stations sway the poll?

Ballot employees on Election Day might be youthful – and doubtless extra various – attributable to COVID-19

19th-century political events kidnapped reluctant voters and printed their very own ballots – and that’s why we’ve acquired legal guidelines regulating habits at polling locations

Voting by mail

In most states, ballots have to be mailed in official envelopes.

AP Picture/Hans Pennink

Timing, signatures and large demand make mail-in voting troublesome

Mail-in voting’s potential issues solely start on the publish workplace – an underfunded, underprepared decentralized system may very well be hassle

Some states extra prepared for mail-in voting than others

6 methods mail-in ballots are protected against fraud

Analysis on voting by mail says it’s secure – from fraud and illness

Mail-in voting classes from Oregon, the state with the longest historical past of voting by mail

Mail-in voting doesn’t trigger fraud, however judges are shopping for the GOP’s argument that it does

Voting by mail is handy, however not all the time secret

monitor your mail-in poll

Workers of the Home of Representatives evaluate Illinois’ Electoral Faculty vote report in January 2017.

Samuel Corum/Anadolu Company/Getty Photographs

Aftermath

How may the marketing campaign’s endgame be disrupted? Listed below are 5 situations, drawn from the historical past of election polling

Electoral Faculty

Electoral Faculty advantages whiter states, research reveals

The Electoral Faculty is surprisingly susceptible to well-liked vote modifications

Supreme Court docket reforms, strengthens Electoral Faculty

Election integrity

Each vote counts – however what does it imply when election outcomes go to courtroom?

Roberto Schmidt/AFP by way of Getty Photographs

‘Stolen’ elections open wounds which will by no means heal

If Trump refuses to just accept defeat in November, the republic will survive intact, because it has 5 out of 6 occasions up to now

Judges used to remain out of election disputes, however this 12 months lawsuits may nicely determine the presidency

Potential for violence

When politicians use hate speech, political violence will increase

Election violence in November? Right here’s what the analysis says

Who decides the end result?

Underneath the Electoral Rely Act, Congress supervises the counting of the Electoral Faculty ballots in early January after the presidential election occurs.

Mark Reinstein/Corbis by way of Getty Photographs

How Congress may determine the 2020 election

The case of Biden versus Trump – or how a choose may determine the presidential election

May a couple of state legislatures select the following president?

Who formally declares the winner of the US presidential election?

The way it all ends

The president’s time period ends at midday on Jan. 20